The history of Western interactions with the rest of the world began with exploration and colonization. European powers such as Portugal, Spain, Britain, and France set out to discover new lands, establish trade routes, and expand their empires. This period of exploration and colonization was marked by conflicts with indigenous peoples, the exploitation of natural resources, and the transfer of people, goods, and ideas across the globe.
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In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the need for a more nuanced and inclusive understanding of the West's relationship with the rest of the world. This has involved a greater emphasis on diversity, equity, and inclusion, as well as a recognition of the importance of non-Western perspectives and experiences. This article is exclusive to PDF format and